Short quotations
According to Jones (1998), “Students often had difficulty using APA style, especially when it was their first time” (p. 199).
Long quotations
Jones’s (1998) study found the following:
Students often had difficulty using APA style, especially when it was their first time citing sources. This difficulty could be attributed to the fact that many students failed to purchase a style manual or to ask their teacher for help. (p. 199)
Summary or paraphrase
According to Jones (1998), APA style is a difficult citation format for first-time learners.
Reference
Library database
Reitzes, D. C., & Mutran, E. J. (2004). The transition to retirement: Stages and factors that influence retirement adjustment. International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 59(1), 63-84. Retrieved from http://www.baywood.com/journals/PreviewJournals.asp?Id=0091-4150
Retrieved from web
Giancola, P. R. (2004). Executive functioning and alcohol-related aggression. American Psychologist, 59(2), 5-7. Retrieved from http://www.apa.org/journals/amp/
In print
Hughes, J. C., Brestan, E. V., & Valle, L. A. (2004). Problem-solving interactions between mothers and children. Child and Family Behavior Therapy, 26(1), 1-16.
Newspapers
Brown, P. L. (1999, September 5). Tiffany glass and other tales from the crypt. The New York Times, pp. 1, 5. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/
Book, Film and Product Reviews
Basic book
Jans, N. (1993). The last light breaking: Life among Alaska’s Inupiat Eskimos. Anchorage, AK: Alaska Northwest Books.
Edited book
Miller, J., & Smith, T. (Eds.). (1996). Cape Cod stories: Tales from Cape Cod, Nantucket, and Martha’s Vineyard. San Francisco, CA: Chronicle Books.
e-Book read on web
Gladwell, M. (2008). Outliers: The story of success [Kindle DX version]. Retrieved from http://www.amazon.com
e-Book on free web
Seton, E. T. (1911). The Arctic prairies: A canoe-journey of 2,000 miles in search of the caribou. Retrieved from http://www.gutenberg.org/etext/6818
Web Sites
Single author:
Freitas, N. (2015, January 6). People around the world are voluntarily submitting to China’s Great Firewall. Why? Retrieved from http://www.slate.com/blogs/future_tense/2015/01/06/tencent_s_wechat_worldwide_internet_users_are_voluntarily_submitting_to.html
Multiple authors:
Nafees, Q., Yilong, Y., Andras, N., Zhiming, L., & Janos, S. (2014, November 19). Anonymously analyzing clinical data sets. Retrieved from http://arxiv.org/abs/1501.05916
Corporate author:
Sea Turtle Restoration Project. (2006). Threats to sea turtles. Retrieved from http://www.seaturtleinc.org/rehabilitation/threats-to-sea-turtles/
Website
The Sea Turtle Restoration Project homepage presents a wealth of compelling, well-researched information on the struggle to save the world’s sea turtles from extinction (http://www.seaturtles.org).
Technical and Research Reports
from free web
U.S. Government Accountability Office. (2010, March). Information security: Concerted effort needed to consolidate and secure Internet connections at federal agencies (Publication No. GAO-10-237). Retrieved from http://www.gao.gov/assets/310/301876.pd
in print
U.S. Government Accountability Office. (2010, March). Information security: Concerted effort needed to consolidate and secure Internet connections at federal agencies (Publication No. GAO-10-237). Washington, DC: Author.
Dissertations and Theses
In Print
Caprette, C. L. (2005). Conquering the cold shudder: The origin and evolution of snake eyes (Doctoral dissertation). Ohio State University, Columbus, OH.
from web
Caprette, C. L. (2005). Conquering the cold shudder: The origin and evolution of snake eyes (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/send-pdf.cgi?acc_num=osu1111184984
Images
Rousseau, H. (1896). The ship in the storm [Painting]. Retrieved from http://www.uwm.edu/~wash/rousseau.jpg
from print source
Rousseau, H. (1896). The ship in the storm [Painting]. Henri Rousseau: Jungles in Paris. By Claire Fresches et al. Washington, DC: National Gallery of Art. 232.
Streaming Videos
Retrieved from https://www.ted.com/talks/margaret_heffernan_why_it_s_time_to_forget_the_pecking_order_at_work
Interviews, E-mail Messages, and Other Personal Communications
APA does not require that you cite personal communications (interviews you’ve conducted, e-mail messages, etc.) in your reference list. Instead, give an in-text citation only using the following model:
Joe Smith (personal communication, November 18, 2006) informed me that the server had crashed several hours ago.
Source http://www.umuc.edu/library/libhow/apa_examples.cfm#websites
According to Jones (1998), “Students often had difficulty using APA style, especially when it was their first time” (p. 199).
Long quotations
Jones’s (1998) study found the following:
Students often had difficulty using APA style, especially when it was their first time citing sources. This difficulty could be attributed to the fact that many students failed to purchase a style manual or to ask their teacher for help. (p. 199)
Summary or paraphrase
According to Jones (1998), APA style is a difficult citation format for first-time learners.
Reference
Library database
Reitzes, D. C., & Mutran, E. J. (2004). The transition to retirement: Stages and factors that influence retirement adjustment. International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 59(1), 63-84. Retrieved from http://www.baywood.com/journals/PreviewJournals.asp?Id=0091-4150
Retrieved from web
Giancola, P. R. (2004). Executive functioning and alcohol-related aggression. American Psychologist, 59(2), 5-7. Retrieved from http://www.apa.org/journals/amp/
In print
Hughes, J. C., Brestan, E. V., & Valle, L. A. (2004). Problem-solving interactions between mothers and children. Child and Family Behavior Therapy, 26(1), 1-16.
Newspapers
Brown, P. L. (1999, September 5). Tiffany glass and other tales from the crypt. The New York Times, pp. 1, 5. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/
Book, Film and Product Reviews
Basic book
Jans, N. (1993). The last light breaking: Life among Alaska’s Inupiat Eskimos. Anchorage, AK: Alaska Northwest Books.
Edited book
Miller, J., & Smith, T. (Eds.). (1996). Cape Cod stories: Tales from Cape Cod, Nantucket, and Martha’s Vineyard. San Francisco, CA: Chronicle Books.
e-Book read on web
Gladwell, M. (2008). Outliers: The story of success [Kindle DX version]. Retrieved from http://www.amazon.com
e-Book on free web
Seton, E. T. (1911). The Arctic prairies: A canoe-journey of 2,000 miles in search of the caribou. Retrieved from http://www.gutenberg.org/etext/6818
Web Sites
Single author:
Freitas, N. (2015, January 6). People around the world are voluntarily submitting to China’s Great Firewall. Why? Retrieved from http://www.slate.com/blogs/future_tense/2015/01/06/tencent_s_wechat_worldwide_internet_users_are_voluntarily_submitting_to.html
Multiple authors:
Nafees, Q., Yilong, Y., Andras, N., Zhiming, L., & Janos, S. (2014, November 19). Anonymously analyzing clinical data sets. Retrieved from http://arxiv.org/abs/1501.05916
Corporate author:
Sea Turtle Restoration Project. (2006). Threats to sea turtles. Retrieved from http://www.seaturtleinc.org/rehabilitation/threats-to-sea-turtles/
Website
The Sea Turtle Restoration Project homepage presents a wealth of compelling, well-researched information on the struggle to save the world’s sea turtles from extinction (http://www.seaturtles.org).
Technical and Research Reports
from free web
U.S. Government Accountability Office. (2010, March). Information security: Concerted effort needed to consolidate and secure Internet connections at federal agencies (Publication No. GAO-10-237). Retrieved from http://www.gao.gov/assets/310/301876.pd
in print
U.S. Government Accountability Office. (2010, March). Information security: Concerted effort needed to consolidate and secure Internet connections at federal agencies (Publication No. GAO-10-237). Washington, DC: Author.
Dissertations and Theses
In Print
Caprette, C. L. (2005). Conquering the cold shudder: The origin and evolution of snake eyes (Doctoral dissertation). Ohio State University, Columbus, OH.
from web
Caprette, C. L. (2005). Conquering the cold shudder: The origin and evolution of snake eyes (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/send-pdf.cgi?acc_num=osu1111184984
Images
Rousseau, H. (1896). The ship in the storm [Painting]. Retrieved from http://www.uwm.edu/~wash/rousseau.jpg
from print source
Rousseau, H. (1896). The ship in the storm [Painting]. Henri Rousseau: Jungles in Paris. By Claire Fresches et al. Washington, DC: National Gallery of Art. 232.
Streaming Videos
Retrieved from https://www.ted.com/talks/margaret_heffernan_why_it_s_time_to_forget_the_pecking_order_at_work
Interviews, E-mail Messages, and Other Personal Communications
APA does not require that you cite personal communications (interviews you’ve conducted, e-mail messages, etc.) in your reference list. Instead, give an in-text citation only using the following model:
Joe Smith (personal communication, November 18, 2006) informed me that the server had crashed several hours ago.
Source http://www.umuc.edu/library/libhow/apa_examples.cfm#websites
